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Cirrhosis, a severe and irreversible liver disease, results from chronic damage, leading to extensive scarring and impaired liver function. In abdominal ultrasound, cirrhosis manifests as an irregularly shaped, nodular liver with altered echotexture, often accompanied by signs of portal hypertension like splenomegaly or ascites. This condition critically affects abdominal health, requiring careful sonographic assessment. Early…

A bladder stone is a hard mass of minerals that forms in the bladder, typically due to incomplete bladder emptying or concentrated urine. In abdominal ultrasound, these stones appear as highly echogenic (bright) structures within the bladder, often with posterior acoustic shadowing, indicating their solid nature and density. Identifying bladder stones is crucial for diagnosing…

Portal hypertension in abdominal ultrasound refers to abnormally high blood pressure in the portal venous system, primarily caused by increased resistance to blood flow in the liver. This condition is commonly associated with chronic liver diseases like cirrhosis. Ultrasound plays a crucial role in diagnosing portal hypertension by evaluating key indicators such as portal vein…

Urinary retention, in abdominal ultrasound, refers to the inability to completely empty the bladder, leading to a buildup of urine. This condition can be acute, causing sudden and painful inability to urinate, or chronic, where the bladder never fully empties, leading to discomfort and potential complications. Ultrasound is a crucial diagnostic tool for assessing urinary…

Splenomegaly refers to the enlargement of the spleen, a common finding in abdominal ultrasound examinations. This condition can be indicative of various underlying medical issues, including infections, blood disorders, liver disease, or certain cancers. Abdominal ultrasound is a crucial non-invasive imaging modality for detecting and assessing splenomegaly, allowing for precise measurements and evaluation of its…

Ureteral jets are transient, high-velocity streams of urine visible with ultrasound as they enter the bladder from the ureters. This "Abdominal" ultrasound finding is crucial in medical imaging for assessing kidney function, ureteral patency, and identifying urinary tract obstructions. Observing the frequency and symmetry of these jets helps clinicians diagnose conditions affecting renal and bladder…

A splenic cyst, within abdominal imaging, is a fluid-filled sac found on or within the spleen. These cysts are typically benign and can be congenital, post-traumatic, or inflammatory. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for detecting and characterizing splenic cysts due to its non-invasive nature and ability to differentiate fluid from solid masses. For accurate…

A splenic infarct, in the abdominal ultrasound context, refers to an area of dead tissue within the spleen caused by an interruption of its blood supply. This critical condition often results from arterial occlusion due to embolism, thrombosis, or vasculitis, leading to acute pain in the left upper quadrant. On ultrasound, acute infarcts typically appear…

A pancreatic pseudocyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms outside the pancreas, typically as a complication of pancreatitis or abdominal trauma. Unlike true cysts, pseudocysts lack an epithelial lining. On ultrasound, they appear as well-defined, anechoic or hypoechoic lesions, often with internal debris or septations, crucial for accurate abdominal diagnosis. Ultrasound is a primary imaging…