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Splenomegaly refers to the enlargement of the spleen, a common finding in abdominal ultrasound examinations. This condition can be indicative of various underlying medical issues, including infections, blood disorders, liver disease, or certain cancers. Abdominal ultrasound is a crucial non-invasive imaging modality for detecting and assessing splenomegaly, allowing for precise measurements and evaluation of its…

Ureteral jets are transient, high-velocity streams of urine visible with ultrasound as they enter the bladder from the ureters. This "Abdominal" ultrasound finding is crucial in medical imaging for assessing kidney function, ureteral patency, and identifying urinary tract obstructions. Observing the frequency and symmetry of these jets helps clinicians diagnose conditions affecting renal and bladder…

A splenic cyst, within abdominal imaging, is a fluid-filled sac found on or within the spleen. These cysts are typically benign and can be congenital, post-traumatic, or inflammatory. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality for detecting and characterizing splenic cysts due to its non-invasive nature and ability to differentiate fluid from solid masses. For accurate…

A splenic infarct, in the abdominal ultrasound context, refers to an area of dead tissue within the spleen caused by an interruption of its blood supply. This critical condition often results from arterial occlusion due to embolism, thrombosis, or vasculitis, leading to acute pain in the left upper quadrant. On ultrasound, acute infarcts typically appear…

A pancreatic pseudocyst is a fluid-filled sac that forms outside the pancreas, typically as a complication of pancreatitis or abdominal trauma. Unlike true cysts, pseudocysts lack an epithelial lining. On ultrasound, they appear as well-defined, anechoic or hypoechoic lesions, often with internal debris or septations, crucial for accurate abdominal diagnosis. Ultrasound is a primary imaging…

Acute pancreatitis, in abdominal ultrasound, refers to sudden inflammation of the pancreas, often causing severe abdominal pain. This medical emergency typically arises from gallstones or alcohol abuse, leading to autodigestion of the pancreatic tissue. Ultrasound plays a crucial role in initial assessment, helping identify gallstones as a common cause and evaluating for complications like fluid…

Chronic pancreatitis is a persistent inflammation of the pancreas, leading to irreversible damage and impaired function, often causing abdominal pain, malabsorption, and diabetes. In abdominal ultrasound, signs may include pancreatic calcifications, ductal dilation, atrophy, or pseudocysts, making it a crucial tool for diagnosis and monitoring. For accurate medical and ultrasound diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, sonographers…

A pancreatic mass is an abnormal growth within the pancreas, often detected during an abdominal ultrasound. These masses can be benign, such as cysts, or malignant, like pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Ultrasound plays a crucial role in initial detection and characterization, guiding further diagnostic steps and treatment planning. Early identification of pancreatic masses is vital for improved…

Hydronephrosis, in abdominal ultrasound, refers to the swelling of a kidney due to a buildup of urine. This occurs when there's an obstruction in the urinary tract, preventing proper drainage. Common causes include kidney stones, tumors, or strictures, leading to dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces. Early detection via abdominal ultrasound is crucial to…