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The comet-tail artifact in ultrasound is a specific type of reverberation artifact, appearing as a series of closely spaced, bright, linear echoes extending downward from a highly reflective object. This artifact is often seen when sound waves encounter small, highly reflective structures like cholesterol crystals in the gallbladder or gas bubbles, causing the sound to…

In medical ultrasound, a ring-down artifact appears as a continuous, bright, hyperechoic streak originating from a highly reflective interface. It's caused by the resonance of sound waves within a small, fluid-filled structure, such as gas bubbles or cholesterol crystals. This artifact is distinct from reverberation, characterized by its unbroken appearance and consistent brightness, offering crucial…

The edge artifact in medical ultrasound manifests as a dark, anechoic band or shadow that appears behind highly curved or highly reflective structures, such as blood vessel walls or organ capsules. This artifact is a result of sound beam refraction and destructive interference at the edges of these structures. It can sometimes obscure underlying anatomy,…