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The sniff test, using ultrasound for diaphragm evaluation, is a key diagnostic tool in lung and respiratory assessment. This dynamic ultrasound technique assesses diaphragmatic motion and function by observing its movement during quiet breathing and a maximal sniff maneuver. It helps identify diaphragmatic paralysis or weakness, which can significantly impact respiratory mechanics and overall lung…

Pleurodesis findings in lung ultrasound refer to the sonographic characteristics observed after a medical procedure designed to obliterate the pleural space, typically to prevent recurrent pleural effusions. Key indicators include thickening and adhesion of the visceral and parietal pleura, often appearing as a hyperechoic, irregular, and immobile pleural line. The absence of lung sliding in…

A bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is an abnormal communication between the bronchial tree and the pleural space, leading to air leakage into the pleural cavity. In lung ultrasound, a BPF can be identified by the presence of air bubbles within a pleural effusion or by direct visualization of air moving through the fistula. This critical finding…

A trapped lung, in the context of lung imaging, refers to a condition where the lung is unable to re-expand fully after pleural fluid drainage due to a visceral pleural peel or restrictive fibrous tissue. This prevents normal lung mechanics, often complicating pneumothorax or pleural effusion management. Ultrasound can visualize this non-expansile lung, aiding diagnosis.…

Decortication monitoring in lung ultrasound involves assessing the progress and effectiveness of decortication, a surgical procedure that removes restrictive fibrous tissue from the lung surface. This monitoring helps clinicians visualize the lung's re-expansion and evaluate for residual fluid collections, air leaks, or complications post-surgery, ensuring optimal recovery and respiratory function. Ultrasound offers a non-invasive, real-time…

In lung ultrasound, a chest wall abscess (US) appears as a localized collection of pus within the soft tissues of the chest wall. This condition, often resulting from infection, trauma, or postsurgical complications, typically presents as a hypoechoic or anechoic mass with irregular borders, potentially containing internal echoes or septations. The presence of fluid-fluid levels,…

ARDS monitoring with ultrasound (US) is a crucial non-invasive technique for assessing acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lung ultrasound offers real-time visualization of pleural lines, B-lines, and consolidations, providing valuable insights into lung aeration and fluid status at the bedside. This method helps clinicians track disease progression, guide ventilation strategies, and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions…

Atelectasis, when identified by ultrasound, signifies collapsed lung tissue, a common finding in medical imaging. This condition occurs when alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs, deflate or fill with fluid, leading to reduced lung volume. Ultrasound is a valuable tool for rapidly diagnosing atelectasis, especially in critically ill patients, as it can differentiate…

Post-intubation confirmation via lung sliding is a rapid, non-invasive ultrasound technique used to verify correct endotracheal tube placement. By observing the dynamic movement of the visceral and parietal pleura (lung sliding) in real-time, clinicians can quickly confirm adequate ventilation, minimizing the risks associated with esophageal intubation. The presence of lung sliding indicates the lung is…