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Plantar fasciitis is a common musculoskeletal (MSK) condition characterized by inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue running along the bottom of the foot from the heel to the toes. This inflammation typically causes sharp heel pain, especially with the first steps in the morning or after periods of rest. It's prevalent…

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common musculoskeletal (MSK) condition caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This leads to symptoms such as pain, numbness, and tingling in the hand and fingers, often worsening at night. Understanding CTS is crucial in MSK imaging for accurate…

Cubital tunnel syndrome is a common peripheral neuropathy affecting the ulnar nerve at the elbow, falling under musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Compression or stretching of the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel can lead to symptoms like numbness, tingling, and pain in the ring and little fingers, as well as weakness in the hand. In medical…

Bursitis in MSK refers to the inflammation of a bursa, a small, fluid-filled sac that acts as a cushion between bones, tendons, and muscles. This common musculoskeletal condition causes pain, swelling, and tenderness, often exacerbated by movement. It frequently affects joints like the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee, hindering mobility and daily activities. Diagnosing bursitis…

In musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound, a joint effusion refers to the abnormal accumulation of fluid within a joint capsule. This finding is crucial for diagnosing various conditions, including inflammatory arthritis, trauma, infection, or degenerative joint disease. Ultrasound offers a real-time, non-invasive method to detect, quantify, and characterize joint effusions, aiding in accurate clinical assessment and guiding…

Synovitis is the inflammation of the synovial membrane, the tissue lining joints, tendons, and bursae within the musculoskeletal (MSK) system. This condition leads to symptoms such as pain, swelling, tenderness, and warmth in the affected area, commonly seen in arthritic conditions like rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Ultrasound is a crucial diagnostic tool for synovitis, effectively…

Tendinosis, in musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound, refers to a chronic degenerative condition of a tendon, distinguished from acute inflammation (tendinitis). It involves collagen fiber disorientation, neovascularization, and cellular changes rather than inflammatory cells. This non-inflammatory process leads to pain, stiffness, and impaired function, commonly affecting areas like the Achilles, patellar, and rotator cuff tendons. Accurate diagnosis…

A tendon tear, in musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound, refers to a rupture or partial disruption of the fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone. This common injury can range from minor fraying to a complete tear, significantly impacting joint function and mobility. Ultrasound imaging is invaluable for diagnosing tendon tears, allowing real-time visualization of the tendon's integrity,…

A muscle tear, in musculoskeletal (MSK) ultrasound, refers to damage within muscle fibers, ranging from a minor strain to a complete rupture. These injuries commonly result from overstretching, forceful contraction, or direct trauma, leading to pain, swelling, and reduced function. Ultrasound is a crucial imaging modality for diagnosing muscle tears due to its ability to…