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Color Doppler, a vital ultrasound physics principle, visually represents blood flow direction and velocity. This technique leverages the Doppler effect, where sound waves reflecting off moving red blood cells change frequency. The ultrasound system processes these frequency shifts, assigning different colors (typically red for flow towards the transducer and blue for flow away) to indicate…

In physics, Spectral Doppler is an advanced ultrasound technique that analyzes the full range of blood flow velocities within a vessel, displaying them as a waveform over time. This method provides critical quantitative data on blood flow direction, speed, and characteristics, enabling precise diagnostic assessments. It's fundamental for evaluating arterial and venous pathologies, such as…

In ultrasound physics, Power Doppler is a highly sensitive imaging mode that detects the presence and magnitude of blood flow by measuring the amplitude of the Doppler signal, rather than its direction or velocity. This makes it particularly useful for visualizing low-velocity flows, small vessels, or when the vessel is perpendicular to the ultrasound beam,…