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Carotid plaque refers to the buildup of fatty substances, cholesterol, and other materials within the carotid arteries, which are major blood vessels in the neck supplying blood to the brain. This accumulation, part of atherosclerosis, can narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow and increasing the risk of stroke. In vascular ultrasound, carotid plaque is a…

Superficial thrombophlebitis (STP) is an inflammatory condition affecting a superficial vein, characterized by a blood clot (thrombus) formation. This common vascular ailment presents with localized pain, redness, swelling, and a palpable cord along the affected vein. While generally less serious than deep vein thrombosis, accurate medical diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to prevent complications.…

Carotid stenosis is a narrowing of the carotid arteries, often caused by atherosclerosis, reducing blood flow to the brain. In vascular ultrasound, this condition is critical, as it can lead to stroke. Medical imaging professionals use high-frequency ultrasound to visualize plaque buildup, measure blood flow velocity, and quantify the degree of stenosis, enabling early diagnosis…

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is the obstruction or narrowing of the portal vein by a blood clot, impeding normal blood flow from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver. This vascular condition can lead to portal hypertension, causing complications like ascites, esophageal varices, and splenomegaly. In medical and ultrasound diagnostics, PVT is crucial to identify promptly,…

Portal vein flow is a crucial vascular assessment in medical ultrasound, directly indicating the health and function of the liver and associated organs. This flow carries nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, and pancreas to the liver for processing. Abnormalities in portal vein flow, such as reduced velocity or reversed flow, can signify serious…

The hepatic vein waveform, a crucial indicator in vascular ultrasound, reflects the dynamic pressure changes within the right atrium and liver. This distinctive pulsatile pattern, typically triphasic in healthy individuals, provides essential diagnostic information about liver congestion, right heart function, and systemic volume status. Deviations from the normal waveform, such as blunting or monophasic flow,…

In vascular ultrasound, hepatic vein triphasicity describes the normal waveform pattern seen in the hepatic veins, reflecting right atrial pressure changes throughout the cardiac cycle. This characteristic flow consists of three distinct phases: an "a" wave (atrial contraction-related retrograde flow), an "s" wave (systolic forward flow), and a "d" wave (diastolic forward flow). Loss of…

Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is a serious condition involving a blood clot in the renal vein, which drains blood from the kidney. This can lead to kidney dysfunction, pain, and potentially permanent damage if not promptly diagnosed and treated. In vascular medicine, understanding RVT is crucial due to its impact on renal circulation and overall…

Arterial stenosis, a critical vascular condition in medical ultrasound, refers to the abnormal narrowing or constriction of an artery, impeding normal blood flow. This often results from atherosclerosis, where plaque buildup reduces the vessel lumen, leading to decreased oxygen supply to tissues. Early detection and assessment of arterial stenosis are crucial for preventing serious complications…