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Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common vascular condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, most commonly the legs. This arterial insufficiency, often caused by atherosclerosis (plaque buildup), can lead to symptoms like claudication (leg pain with exercise), numbness, or non-healing sores. Early detection through medical ultrasound, utilizing techniques like Doppler imaging,…

ABI correlation in vascular ultrasound evaluates the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) alongside duplex ultrasound findings to diagnose and assess peripheral artery disease (PAD). This integrated approach enhances diagnostic accuracy by combining physiological pressure measurements from the ABI with detailed anatomical and flow information from the ultrasound. It helps pinpoint the location and severity of arterial blockages.…

The DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) rule-out protocol in vascular ultrasound is a crucial diagnostic pathway designed to efficiently and accurately exclude the presence of DVT in symptomatic patients. This protocol leverages rapid, non-invasive ultrasound imaging to visualize deep veins, assessing for clot formation and venous compression. Its primary goal is to prevent unnecessary anticoagulant therapy…

Spontaneous flow in vascular ultrasound refers to blood movement detected without external provocation, critical for assessing vessel patency and identifying abnormalities. This intrinsic flow helps diagnose conditions like deep vein thrombosis or arterial occlusion by confirming blood presence and direction, even in the absence of induced maneuvers. Understanding spontaneous flow is vital for accurate vascular…

End-diastolic velocity (EDV) in vascular ultrasound refers to the speed of blood flow measured at the end of the heart's relaxation phase (diastole). This crucial parameter helps assess peripheral artery disease, venous insufficiency, and other vascular conditions. Lower EDV can indicate distal arterial occlusion or high resistance, while higher EDV may suggest compensatory flow. Accurate…

A triphasic waveform in vascular ultrasound indicates healthy arterial blood flow, characterized by three distinct phases: rapid forward flow during systole, transient flow reversal in early diastole, and a second brief forward flow component in late diastole. This pulsatile pattern is commonly seen in peripheral arteries, reflecting a high-resistance vascular bed with competent arterial walls.…

The resistive index (RI) is a Doppler ultrasound measurement used in vascular studies to assess downstream vascular resistance. It quantifies the pulsatility of blood flow, calculated as (peak systolic velocity - end-diastolic velocity) / peak systolic velocity. A higher RI value indicates increased resistance, which can signify conditions like arterial stenosis or downstream obstruction, impacting…

In vascular ultrasound, a biphasic waveform is a crucial Doppler flow pattern indicating healthy arterial blood flow. This waveform typically presents with two distinct phases: an initial strong antegrade (forward) flow during systole, followed by a brief, transient reversal of flow in early diastole. This characteristic pattern is indicative of a normal, elastic arterial system…

The Pulsatility Index (PI) is a key metric in vascular ultrasound, quantifying the degree of pulsatility in blood flow. It's calculated as the peak systolic velocity minus the end diastolic velocity, divided by the mean velocity. A higher PI indicates more pulsatile flow, often seen in arteries with less resistance downstream, while a lower PI…