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In abdominal ultrasound, Courvoisier's sign refers to the presence of a palpable, non-tender gallbladder in a patient with painless jaundice. This clinical finding strongly suggests an obstruction of the common bile duct, typically due to a malignancy in the head of the pancreas or bile duct, rather than gallstones. Its presence helps differentiate the cause…

The portal triad is a crucial anatomical structure within the liver, essential for understanding abdominal ultrasound images. It comprises three vital components: the hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, and common bile duct, all encased in a fibrous sheath. Visualizing the portal triad is fundamental for diagnosing various liver pathologies, including cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and biliary…

The common bile duct (CBD) is a crucial anatomical structure in abdominal ultrasound, responsible for transporting bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum. Its clear visualization is essential for diagnosing various hepatobiliary conditions such as gallstones, strictures, or tumors, which can lead to jaundice or pancreatitis. Medical professionals rely on precise ultrasound imaging…

Intrahepatic duct dilation, a key finding in abdominal ultrasound, refers to the abnormal widening of the bile ducts within the liver. This condition often indicates an obstruction to bile flow, caused by various issues such as gallstones, tumors, or strictures. Early detection through ultrasound is crucial for diagnosing underlying biliary pathology, guiding timely intervention, and…

A hepatic cyst is a fluid-filled sac found within the liver, a common incidental finding during abdominal ultrasound examinations. These benign lesions are typically anechoic (black) on ultrasound, with well-defined walls and posterior acoustic enhancement, indicating their fluid-filled nature. While most are asymptomatic and require no treatment, larger cysts can cause discomfort or, rarely, complications.…