Question Bank – Cardiac (Basic)

The highlighted structure on this parasternal long axis view of the heart is the: ________

The highlighted structure on this parasternal long axis view of the heart is the ____

The highlighted structure on this subcostal/subxyphoid view of the heart is the______

The highlighted structure on this subxyphoid view of of the heart is the ____

You perform the following echo at the bedside on a patient with chronic COPD. Based on this echo, you comment that the size of the right ventricle is ______

This apical four chamber view on a patient with fever and a history of IV drug use demonstrates a vegetation on the

This parasternal long axis view of the heart shows a global left ventricular systolic function that is

This parasternal long axis view of the heart is a good example of the use of the descending aorta as a landmark to help show this patient has a

The right ventricle in this parasternal short axis view taken at the level of the mitral valve and papillary muscles is

With an M-mode cursor through the tip of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, the following image can be used to calculate the

The global left ventricular systolic function in this echo is noted to be

The following echo view is a

The right ventricle in this parasternal short axis view of the heart is

A crash femoral line is placed during a cardiac arrest situation. Some agitated saline is injected intravenously and this subxyphoid view is obtained during a pulse check.   What interpretation can you make about the location of the femoral line and cardiac activity?

A patient presents in sepsis due to urinary tract infection with hypotension. A parasternal long axis view demonstrates

A 45 year old female with a long standing history of hypertension and methamphetamine use presents to clinic for follow up after recent hospitalization for congestive heart failure.  Her shortness of breath has improved.  Considering the focused cardiac questions, what pathological findings are present in the image below?

In the consensus statement published by the American Society of Echocardiography, the goals of the focused cardiac ultrasound in the symptomatic emergency department patient are which of the following: (mark all that apply)

In the paper Bedside Echocardiography by Emergency Physicians published in 2001, Mandavia et al. determined that the non cardiologist diagnosed pericardial effusion at a sensitivity of ____ and specificity of ____?

In the paper published in 2015 titled Diagnostic Accuracy of Right Ventricular Dysfunction Markers in Normotensive Emergency Department Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism, Weekes, et al. drew what conclusions regarding the sensitivity and specificity of non radiologists to diagnose RV dysfunction?

The A4C view featured below rules out the presence of acute pulmonary embolism.

True or False?

A 55 year old female presents to the emergency department complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath.  She is diaphoretic with a blood pressure of 80/50, HR of 120, and O2 sat of 85% requiring 4L of oxygen.  Her EKG is in sinus rhythm and shows no acute ischemic changes.

Based on the findings above, what is the next step in management?

The Cardiopulmonary Limited Ultrasound Examination (CLUE) exam is a rapid evaluation of the heart and lungs and seeks to answers all of the following except?

A 65 year old female with a history hypertension and diabetes presents with shortness of breath, orthopnea, weight gain, and bilateral leg swelling. Her bedside cardiac echo in the parasternal short view showed the following.

Based on your most likely diagnosis, what sonographic finding would you expect to see on her pulmonary ultrasound?

A 35 year old male with a history methamphetamine use presents with shortness of breath, orthopnea and LE swelling.  His bedside ultrasound shows the following finding:

What is the most likely diagnosis based on the findings above?

A 50 year old female presents with shortness of breath and chest pain.  She if found to have a moderately sized pericardial effusion on her bedside echo. Her IVC has the following appearance.

This finding rules out cardiac tamponade with a ________ sensitivity.

Which of the following findings is NOT suggestive of cardiac tamponade?

A 42 year male presents to the emergency department with chest pain and shortness of breath. He is found to have a unilateral swollen leg.

A focused cardiac echo is performed and reveals which distinctive finding for acute pulmonary embolism?

A 53 year old female with a history of breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy presents with acute onset of shortness of breath and chest pain.  Her bedside echo shows the following finding:

Based on the ultrasound above, what is your most likely diagnosis?

A 60 year old female with a history of hypertension presents with shortness of breath, orthopnea, bilateral lower extremity edema. She is diagnosed with congestive heart failure. A bedside cardiac echo is performed and shows the following:

You estimate her ejection fraction to be __________.

Based on the EPSS, the left ventricular ejection fraction is __________.

What sonographic finding is present?

A 45 year old male with a history of shortness of breath and chest pain is found to have a pericardial effusion. His blood pressure is 90/50 and his heart rate is 120. A bedside ultrasound shows the presence of a pericardial effusion. What ultrasound findings are concerning for Pericardial Tamponade?

The absence of right ventricular diastolic collapse and right atrial systolic collapse has a ______ negative predictive value for pericardial tamponade.

What pathological finding is depicted below?

A 63  year old female with a long standing history of hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease presents to clinic for follow up after recent hospitalization for congestive heart failure.  Her shortness of breath has improved.  Considering the focused cardiac questions, what pathological findings are present in the image below?

A 65 year old male with a history of congestive heart failure, COPD, hypertension, and diabetes presents to the clinic with shortness of breath.  His vital signs are within normal limits.  He reports he gets more short of breath with minimal exertion.  He has no chest pain.

His bedside cardiac and lung ultrasound shows the following findings:

Right Thorax:

Left Thorax:

What is your most likely diagnosis for this patient’s acute dyspnea?

A 63 year old female with a history of COPD, hypertension, and diabetes presents to the clinic with cough, subjective fever, and shortness of breath. Her CXR shows a right lower lobe pneumonia.

Her cardiac echo shows what finding?

Identify the cardiac view obtained in the image below:

Identify the structure highlighted below:

Dilation of the indicated structure is consistent with what diagnosis?

The highlighted structure on this parasternal long axis view of the heart is a cross section of the?

A patient with searing chest pain and hypertension presents to an urgent care setting where a parasternal long axis view happens to show an intimal flap in the highlighted structure. What other changes would reasonably be expected to see in this view?

The probe is in the 2nd or 3rd intercostal space at the left parasternal border with the probe marker pointed toward the patient’s right shoulder. What exam type/mode is the machine likely in?

After central line placement, agitated saline is injected which quickly fills the highlighted cavity and not the cavity above it. You determine the following:

Increased thickness of the highlighted structure may be seen in which of the following conditions?

E-point septal separation demonstrates the distance between the tip of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and which highlighted structure at end diastole.

The highlighted structure on this parasternal long axis view of the heart is:

The highlighted pathology in this parasternal long axis view of the heart is likely:

The patient with the highlighted pathology on this parasternal long axis view is most likely to have what kind of murmur?

The highlighted dark area on this parasternal long axis view of the heart is:

A young female patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis presents with chest pain. EKG shows diffuse ST segment elevations and bedside echocardiography shows the following highlighted finding. What stands out on the differential?

The highlighted dark area on this parasternal long axis view of the heart is:

Characteristics of this chamber of the heart helpful in confirming correct orientation of the apical four chamber view include which of the following?

The valve leading into this chamber can be distinguished from the valve on the opposite ventricle by which characteristic?

The highlighted dark area on this parasternal long axis view of the heart is:

You obtain the following inferior vena cava view on a known 65 year old female in your office practice with a known history of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and ongoing shortness of breath. It suggests:

With information provided on this ultrasound image, it can be determined that the probe marker in a sagittal/longitudinal orientation is pointed toward the patient’s:

Which of the following sources of hypotension would not be suggested by the inferior vena cava finding on this clip?

An 86 year old male presents to the ER with blood pressure of 80/40, pulse rate of 105, febrile to 100.8 degrees F. The following IVC view suggests which of the following, clinically? (Check all that apply)

The IVC will typically appear closer to the patient’s _____ side in comparison to the aorta in a sagittal view.

The clip demonstrates the preferred means of measuring the IVC in expiration and inspiration. (True or False)

The patient with this parasternal long axis has mild hypotension and electrical alternans on an EKG. A view of the IVC shows that it is normal in caliber and collapses more than 50 percent with inspiration. What can be concluded?

A 54 year old male with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and COPD presents to the office with increased shortness of breath and an oxygen saturation of 90 percent. The following IVC view suggests:

The most appropriate point to measure the IVC in this image would correspond to:

The marked vessel structure on this image is:

In addition to a poor ejection fraction, what other concern would be raised by the findings on this parasternal short axis view of the heart?

The ejection fraction in this parasternal long axis view is:

A 78 year old female with past medical history of heart failure (remote), COPD presents with fever, shortness of breath, and tachycardia. Chest xray shows interstitial infiltrates “infectious vs. pulmonary edema.” A bedside echocardiogram shows the following. The IVC is small and collapsing. What is an appropriate first step?

The presence of which of these conditions would invalidate the use of this technique to estimate ejection fraction? (Check all that apply)