An arteriovenous (AV) fistula is an abnormal connection between an artery and a vein, bypassing the capillary bed. In vascular medicine, these can be congenital or acquired, often surgically created for hemodialysis access. Physiologically, AV fistulas lead to increased blood flow and pressure in the vein, causing it to enlarge and strengthen, making it suitable for repeated needle insertions during dialysis treatments.
Ultrasound is crucial for evaluating AV fistulas, both for initial assessment and monitoring. It allows for non-invasive visualization of blood flow, vessel diameter, and patency, helping diagnose complications like stenosis or thrombosis. Regular ultrasound surveillance ensures the fistula’s longevity and efficient dialysis, optimizing patient care in vascular access management.
