Beam hardening in medical ultrasound refers to an artifact where the sound beam’s average frequency increases as it travels deeper into tissue. This occurs because lower-frequency components of the ultrasound pulse are attenuated (absorbed) more rapidly than higher-frequency components. As a result, the beam becomes “harder,” leading to brighter echoes and less accurate depth perception in deeper structures. Recognizing this distortion is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
This artifact can obscure pathologies and alter the appearance of anatomical structures, posing a challenge in diagnostic imaging. Understanding beam hardening is essential for sonographers to optimize ultrasound settings, such as adjusting gain and frequency, to minimize its impact and ensure clear, reliable images for precise medical and ultrasound interpretation.