The lumbar plexus is a critical network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the L1-L4 spinal nerves, occasionally including contributions from T12. Located within the psoas major muscle, it supplies motor and sensory innervation to the anterior and medial thigh, as well as parts of the lower abdomen and genitalia. Key branches include the femoral, obturator, and lateral femoral cutaneous nerves, vital for lower limb function.
In medical and ultrasound imaging, the lumbar plexus is a significant anatomical landmark. Ultrasound can be used to visualize these nerves for diagnostic purposes, such as identifying nerve impingement, neuropathy, or guiding nerve blocks for pain management or surgical anesthesia. Precise ultrasound-guided targeting enhances safety and efficacy in various interventional procedures involving the lumbar plexus.