Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in pediatrics refers to the persistence of a fetal blood vessel, the ductus arteriosus, beyond the neonatal period. This vessel normally shunts blood away from the lungs during gestation. When it remains open, it allows abnormal blood flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, leading to increased pulmonary blood flow and potential complications like heart failure or pulmonary hypertension in infants and children.
Ultrasound, specifically echocardiography, is crucial for diagnosing PDA in pediatric patients. It enables direct visualization of the shunting blood flow, assessment of its size, and evaluation of its hemodynamic impact on the heart and lungs. Early and accurate ultrasound detection is vital for guiding timely medical or surgical management to prevent adverse long-term outcomes.