A pseudoaneurysm, or false aneurysm, is a contained rupture of an artery or vein, where blood leaks out of the vessel but is confined by surrounding tissues, forming a pulsating hematoma. Unlike a true aneurysm, it does not involve all layers of the vessel wall. In vascular ultrasound, pseudoaneurysms appear as anechoic (black) sacs with turbulent blood flow, often with a characteristic “to-and-fro” Doppler waveform at the neck.
Ultrasound is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring pseudoaneurysms, particularly those arising from iatrogenic causes like arterial punctures. Its real-time imaging capabilities allow for immediate visualization of blood flow patterns and surrounding structures, aiding in differentiation from other vascular pathologies and guiding interventions. Early and accurate detection with ultrasound can prevent complications.
