Pericardial tamponade, a critical finding in FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma), describes a life-threatening condition where excessive fluid accumulation within the pericardial sac compresses the heart, severely impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This compression leads to decreased cardiac output, hypotension, and potential circulatory collapse. Early detection via rapid ultrasound assessment in trauma settings is paramount for patient survival.
Identifying pericardial tamponade through FAST ultrasound is crucial in emergency medicine. Sonographic signs include a circumferential pericardial effusion and diastolic collapse of the right ventricle, systolic collapse of the right atrium, indicating the heart’s inability to fill adequately. Prompt diagnosis and intervention, such as pericardiocentesis, are vital for managing this acute cardiac emergency.
